Lèse-majesté

A crime against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against the state, encompassing any act deemed to insult or undermine the emperor's authority.

1. Wang Xunjin Immortal Book Case

2. Jurisdiction: Qing Dynasty, China (1772-04-01)
3. Original Case: 王珣进仙书案
4. VictimsAisin Gioro HongliDefendantsWang XunJudgesAisin Gioro HongliInstitutionsImperial Household Department
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Heresy;Qianlong Emperor

1. Wang Jiyuan Insanity Letter Case

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1758)
3. Original Case: 王寂元因疯投书案
4. VictimsHongliDefendantsWang JiyuanPlaintiffsHuang TingguiInvestigatorsHuang TingguiJudgesHongliInstitutionsBoard of Punishments
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Insanity Defense;Lingchi Execution

1. The Case of Wang Xihou's "Ziguan"

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1777)
3. Original Case: The Case of Wang Xihou's "Ziguan" (Ziguan Dictionary Case)
4. Key Figures: Wang Xihou (scholar and author), Emperor Qianlong, Hai Cheng (Governor of Jiangxi)
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Imperial Censorship;Crime of Great Sedition

1. The Yin Jiaquan Literary Persecution Case

2. Jurisdiction: Qing Dynasty China (1781 (46th year of the Qianlong reign))
3. Original Case: Yin Jiaquan Qing Shi Zhu Shu Yuan An
4. Key Figures: Yin Jiaquan (former Vice Minister of the Court of Judicature), Qianlong Emperor, Yin Huiyi (Yin Jiaquan's father)
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Political Persecution;Imperial Censorship

1. The Case of Hu Zhongzao's "Poetry of Jianmosheng"

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1755 (20th year of Qianlong reign))
3. Original Case: 《坚磨生诗钞》胡中藻案
4. Key Figures: Hu Zhongzao (defendant), Qianlong Emperor (judge), E'ertai (deceased grand secretary posthumously implicated), Zhang Tingyu (involved associate)
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Political Repression;Qing Dynasty Censorship

1. The Case of Akedun, the High Official Sentenced to Death with Three Reprieves

2. Jurisdiction: Qing Dynasty, China (1748 (the 13th year of Qianlong) and subsequent years)
3. Original Case: 阿克敦三次死缓案
4. Key Figures: Akedun (Zhangjia Akedun), the Qianlong Emperor
5. Case Tags: Capital Offense with Reprieve;Lèse-majesté;Imperial Clemency;Mistranslation Case

1. Lu Shengnan's Historical Essays Case

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1729 (the seventh year of the Yongzheng reign))
3. Original Case: 陆生楠论史案
4. Key Figures: Lu Shengnan, Emperor Yongzheng, Xibao (Prince Shuncheng)
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Thought Crime;Treason by Words

1. Zha Siting Examination Case

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1726 (4th year of Yongzheng reign))
3. Original Case: 查嗣庭试题案
4. Key Figures: Yongzheng Emperor, Zha Siting
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Imperial Examination Scandal;Political Persecution

1. The Case of Qian Mingshi as "Sinner Against Confucian Orthodoxy"

2. Jurisdiction: Qing Dynasty, China (1726)
3. Original Case: Qian Mingshi "Mingjiao Zuiren" Case (钱名世“名教罪人”案)
4. Key Figures: Yongzheng Emperor, Qian Mingshi, Nian Gengyao
5. Case Tags: Lèse-majesté;Literary Inquisition;Political Persecution;Public Humiliation Penalty

1. Wang Jingqi's "Xizheng Suibi" Case (The "Meritorious Officials Must Not Be" Case)

2. Jurisdiction: Qing Dynasty, China (1725–1726 (Yongzheng reign, 3rd–4th year))
3. Original Case: 汪景祺《西征随笔》案（《功臣不可为》）
4. Key Figures: Wang Jingqi (author), Nian Gengyao (general and patron), Yongzheng Emperor (ruler)
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Political Persecution;Treason

1. The Case of Not Writing the Qing Reign Title in the Early Qing

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1660 (the 17th year of Shunzhi reign))
3. Original Case: 清初不书年号案
4. Key Figures: Zhang Jinyan (former Minister of Works), Liu Zhengzong (Grand Secretary), Censor Xiao Zhen
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Lèse-majesté;Ming Loyalism;Early Qing Political Purge

1. The First Literary Inquisition of the Qing Dynasty: The Mao Zhongzhuo Block-Printing Case

2. Jurisdiction: China (Qing Dynasty) (1648 (5th year of the Shunzhi reign))
3. Original Case: Mao Zhongzhuo and Others' Block-Printing of Examination Essay Prefaces Case
4. Key Figures: Mao Zhongzhuo (毛重倬), Xu Tingqing (胥庭清), and other Jiangnan block printers and preface authors
5. Case Tags: Literary Inquisition;Sedition;Lèse-majesté;Censorship and Political Persecution